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WHAT TO DO IN AN EMERGENCY
I've put together a simple instruction sheet for
managing an accident scene. This is taken from my experience
with accident scenes on the mountain, and is based on the
Universal Life Support Algorithm, with a slant towards paragliding. It
is by no means the definitive authority, but it might help to simplify
things if you ever have to help at a crash scene - keep the page in the
pocket of your harness.
HAZARDS? Ensure safety of rescuer and victim
HELLO? Check responsiveness by talking to victim
HELP! Call for assistance, get someone to stand by you, phone ready.
AIRWAY If no neck injury suspected, open the
airway by tilting head and lifting chin. Asses breathing. If breathing,
place victim in recovery position. If not, then
BREATHING Remove obstructions from the mouth, ensure adequate tilt to
head / chin lifted. Administer two rescuscitation breaths.
CIRCULATION Check pulse in throat. If no pulse, send for help (see
numbers below) and begin Life Support - administer 30 chest
compressions, followed by 2 rescuscitation breaths. Repeat cycle until
circulation returns. Then continue with Breathing until breath returns.
Then place in recovery position, and monitor both breathing and
circulation every minute.
BLEEDING Major bleeding must be stopped, especially if bright red in
colour (arterial blood). Put gloves on. Apply direct pressure to the
wound, use a dressing, elevate the injured part above the level of the
heart if safe to do so, help victim to find comfortable position if no
spinal injury suspected.
INJURIES After the victim is stabilised, you can assess injuries.
Expect injuries to the ankles, pelvis, back, neck, skull and internal
bleeding. Try not to move the patient unless the history of the
accident rules out back injury completely. After your assessment, send
for help if you haven't done so yet. Ask for the helicopter rescue
services unless an ambulance can do a better job. Assume that injuries
are critical until a doctor in the hospital confirms otherwise.
FRACTURES Find a collar in the first aid kit, or make one up from
folded newspaper or a rolled towel. Stabilise the victim's neck. Make a
padded splint for any fractures by binding a rigid material as a
support, by strapping the arms to the body or binding the legs to each
other. Be careful not to cut off circulation by tight bandages. Take
care when transferring victim to a stretcher. It is usually best to
wait until the paramedics arrive before trying to move the victim.
SHOCK Treat for shock with all accident victims. Elevate feet slightly,
keep patient warm, give nothing to eat or drink. If a qualified person
is available, put up an intravenous drip and administer oxygen.
DIAL 112 from any cellphone, even without a SIM card.
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